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Cancer Drugs

- V -

  • V930 vaccine

  • A novel cancer vaccine designed to treat HER-2- and/or CEA-expressing cancers.

  • vaccinia-CEA-TRICOM vaccine

  • A vaccine consisting of recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the tumor-associated antigen carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and a triad of costimulatory molecules (B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3; also called TRICOM). Vaccination with vaccinia-CEA-TRICOM stimulates the host immune system to mount a T-cell response against tumor cells expressing the CEA antigen. The use of TRICOM in the vaccine may elicit a greater antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response compared to the use of vaccinia-CEA alone.

  • vaccinia-PSA vaccine

  • A vaccine consisting of recombinant vaccinia virus encoding prostate specific antigen (PSA). Vaccination with vaccinia-PSA stimulates the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-cell response against tumor cells expressing PSA.

  • vaccinia-PSA-TRICOM vaccine

  • A vaccine formulation consisting of recombinant vaccinia virus encoding prostate specific antigen (PSA) and recombinant vaccinia virus encoding three co-stimulatory molecule transgenes B7.1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3 (TRICOM). Vaccination with PSA in combination with TRICOM may enhance antigen presentation, resulting in the augmentation of a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) immune response against tumor cells expressing PSA.

  • vaccinia-TRICOM vaccine

  • A vaccine consisting of recombinant vaccinia virus encoding a triad of costimulatory molecules (B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3; also called TRICOM). Vaccination with vaccinia-TRICOM stimulates the host immune system to mount a non-specific T-cell response. With the addition of a tumor-associated antigen peptide, this vaccine may enhance a tumor-specific immune response.

  • vaccinia-tyrosinase vaccine

  • A vaccine consisting of recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase. Vaccination with vaccinia-tyrosinase stimulates the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-cell response against tumor cells expressing tyrosinase.

  • valacyclovir

  • A synthetic valyl ester derivative of acyclovir, the antiviral valacyclovir is an acyclovir prodrug that, after metabolization, inhibits viral DNA replication through interference with thymidine kinase. It is used in the management of herpes simplex and varicella zoster infections, as well as prophylactically for human cytomegalovirus infections.

  • Valcyte

  • (Other name for: valganciclovir)

  • Valeriana officinalis

  • An extract isolated from the root of the plant Valeriana officinalis. Valeriana officinalis extract inhibits the metabolic enzyme gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase and stimulates the synaptic release of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, resulting in sedation.

  • valganciclovir

  • A synthetic prodrug of ganciclovir, a nucleoside analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, with antiviral activity. After phosphorylation, valganciclovir is incorporated into DNA, resulting in inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, viral DNA synthesis, and viral replication.

  • valproic acid

  • A synthetic derivative of propylpentanoic acid with antiepileptic properties and potential antineoplastic and antiangiogenesis activities. In epilepsy, valproic acid appears to act by increasing the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. This agent's antitumor and antiangiogenesis activities may be related to the inhibition of histone deacetylases and nitric oxide synthase, which results in the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis.

  • valsartan

  • An orally active nonpeptide triazole-derived antagonist of angiotensin (AT) II with antihypertensive properties. Valsartan selectively and competitively blocks the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 subtype receptor in vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland, preventing AT II-mediated vasoconstriction, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, and renal reabsorption of sodium, and resulting in vasodilation, increased excretion of sodium and water, a reduction in plasma volume, and a reduction in blood pressure.

  • Valtrex

  • (Other name for: valacyclovir)

  • Vanceril

  • (Other name for: beclomethasone dipropionate)

  • Vantin

  • (Other name for: cefpodoxime proxetil)

  • Vaqta

  • (Other name for: hepatitis A vaccine)

  • Vasomax

  • (Other name for: phentolamine mesylate)

  • vatalanib

  • An orally bioavailable anilinophthalazine with potential antineoplastic activity. Vatalanib binds to and inhibits the protein kinase domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2; both receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in angiogenesis. This agent also binds to and inhibits related receptor tyrosine kinases, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, c-Kit, and c-Fms.

  • VCL-CB01 vaccine

  • A vaccine consisting of two plasmids encoding the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) tegument phosphoprotein 65 (pp65), a major internal matrix protein, and glycoprotein B (gB), an important CMV component responsible for attachment and entry into cells, with immunostimulatory properties. Vaccination with VCL-CB01 may stimulate the host immune system to mount cellular and humoral immune responses against CMV positive cells, resulting in cell lysis.

  • Vectibix

  • (Other name for: panitumumab)

  • VEGF Trap

  • A protein comprised of segments of the extracellular domains of human vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 (VEGFR1) and 2 (VEGFR2) fused to the constant region (Fc) of human IgG1. VEGF trap binds to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic growth factor, thereby preventing VEGF from binding to its cell receptors. Disruption of this cell receptor binding results in the inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis, and tumor regression.

  • velafermin

  • A recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-20 (rhFGF-20) protein with pro-proliferative activity. Velafermin stimulates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, specifically promoting epithelial and mesenchymal cell proliferation, and may prevent radiation or chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.

  • Velban

  • (Other name for: vinblastine)

  • VELCADE

  • (Other name for: bortezomib)

  • Velsar

  • (Other name for: vinblastine)

  • venlafaxine

  • A synthetic phenethylamine bicyclic derivative with antidepressant activity. Venlafaxine and its active metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and weak dopamine reuptake inhibitors. This agent may reduce hormone-related vasomotor symptoms.

  • Venofer

  • (Other name for: iron sucrose injection)

  • Venoglobulin-S

  • (Other name for: immune globulin)

  • Ventavis

  • (Other name for: iloprost)

  • VePesid

  • (Other name for: etoposide)

  • Versed

  • (Other name for: midazolam hydrochloride)

  • verteporfin

  • A synthetic light-activated agent with photodynamic activity. Upon systemic administration, verteporfin accumulates in neovessels in the eye and, once stimulated by nonthermal red light in the presence of oxygen, produces highly reactive short-lived singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen radicals, resulting in local damage to neovascular endothelium and blood vessel occlusion.

  • Vesanoid

  • (Other name for: tretinoin)

  • Viadur

  • (Other name for: leuprolide acetate)

  • Viagmox

  • (Other name for: moxifloxacin hydrochloride)

  • Viagra

  • (Other name for: sildenafil)

  • Vidaza

  • (Other name for: azacitidine)

  • vinblastine

  • A natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.

  • vincristine

  • A natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vincristine binds irreversibly to microtubules and spindle proteins in S phase of the cell cycle and interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby arresting tumor cells in metaphase. This agent also depolymerizes microtubules and may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.

  • vindesine

  • A synthetic derivative of vinblastine, a naturally occurring vinca alkaloid. Vindesine binds to and stabilizes tubulin, thereby interrupting tubulin polymerization and preventing the formation of the mitotic spindle and cell division; treated cells are unable to undergo mitosis and are arrested in metaphase. This agent also disrupts macromolecular synthesis.

  • vinorelbine ditartrate

  • The ditartrate salt of a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid derived from the leaves of the periwinkle plant (Vinca rosea) with antineoplastic properties. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin, thereby inhibiting tubulin polymerization into microtubules and spindle formation and resulting in apoptosis of susceptible cancer cells. Inhibition of mitotic microtubules correlates with antitumor activity, whereas inhibition of axonal microtubules seems to correlate with vinorelbine's neurotoxicity. Compared to related vinca alkaloids, vinorelbine is more selective against mitotic than axonal microtubules in vitro, which may account for its decreased neurotoxicity. This agent is also a radiation-sensitizing agent.

  • Vioxx

  • (Other name for: rofecoxib)

  • Virulizin

  • A natural biological response modifier (BRM) isolated from bovine reticuloendothelial tissue. Viruzlin may enhance cell-mediated immune response to tumor cells by direct macrophage activation.

  • Visudyne

  • (Other name for: verteporfin)

  • vitamin D

  • A family of lipo-soluble steroids important to the absorption, metabolism, and function of calcium and phosphorus and the growth and development of bone and tooth enamel. Found naturally in animal tissues, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is formed in the skin when ultraviolet light activates cholesterol conversion into vitamin D3. Ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol (plant vitamin D) forms ergocalciferol (vitamin D2).

  • vitamin E

  • A natural fat-soluble antioxidant with potential chemopreventive activity. Also known as tocopherol, vitamin E ameliorates free-radical damage to biological membranes, protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) within membrane phospholipids and within circulating lipoproteins. Peroxyl radicals react 1000-fold faster with vitamin E than with PUFA. In the case of oxygen free radical-mediated tumorigenesis, vitamin E may be chemopreventive.

  • Vivelle

  • (Other name for: estradiol)

  • VNP40101M

  • A sulfonyl hydrazine prodrug with antineoplastic activity. VNP40101M alkylates the 06 position of guanine, resulting in DNA crosslinking, strand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, and disruption of DNA synthesis. Intracellular metabolism of this agent also releases methyl isocyanate which inhibits 06-alkyl-guanine transferase, an enzyme involved with DNA repair.

  • volociximab

  • A chimeric monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. Volociximab binds to and inhibits the activity of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell-cell interactions, endothelial cell-matrix interactions, and angiogenesis.

  • von Hippel-Lindau peptide vaccine

  • A cancer vaccine composed of peptides derived from a tumor-associated protein encoded by a mutated Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) oncogene. VHL peptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T cell response against tumor cells expressing the VHL tumor-associated protein.

  • Voraxaze

  • (Other name for: carboxypeptidase-G2)

  • voriconazole

  • A synthetic triazole with antifungal activity. Voriconazole selectively inhibits 14-alpha-lanosterol demethylation in fungi, preventing the production of ergosterol, an essential constituent of the fungal cell membrane, and resulting in fungal cell lysis.

  • vorinostat

  • A synthetic agent with antineoplastic properties. Vorinostat, also known as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), inhibits the enzyme histone deacetylase (HDAC), induces differentiation in some cell types, and has been shown to induce p53-independent apoptosis in a number of tumor cell lines. This agent crosses the blood-brain barrier.


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Cancer Drugs


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