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Cancer Drugs

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  • mafosfamide

  • A synthetic oxazaphosphorine derivative with antineoplastic properties. Mafosfamide alkylates DNA, forming DNA cross-links and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Although closely related to cyclophosphamide, mafosfamide, unlike cyclophosphamide, does not require hepatic activation to generate its active metabolite 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide; accordingly, mafosfamide is potentially useful in the intrathecal treatment of neoplastic meningitis.

  • MAGE-10.A2

  • A synthetic nonapeptide derived from a melanoma-associated antigen. Vaccination with MAGE-10.A2 may stimulate a host cytotoxic T-cell response against tumor cells that express the melanoma-associated antigen, resulting in tumor cell lysis.

  • MAGE-A3/HPV 16 peptide vaccine

  • A multi-epitope "Trojan antigen" ("TA") construct vaccine consisting of human melanoma antigen A3 (MAGE-A3) and human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 peptide epitopes linked by the furin-sensitive linker RVKR (arginine-serine-lysine-arginine peptide) with immunostimulatory and antitumor activities. The TA construct enters the cytoplasm of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and is processed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), where the endopeptidase furin releases the epitopes from the RVKR linker and, together with various exopeptidases, generates MHC class I-binding peptides. Expressed on the cell surfaces of APC, these MHC class I-binding peptides stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells that display the same peptide epitopes on their cell surfaces.

  • magnesium citrate

  • The citrate salt of the element magnesium with laxative properties. The cathartic action of magnesium cations appears to result, in part, from osmotically mediated water retention, which subsequently stimulates peristalsis. In addition, magnesium ions may also stimulate the activity of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and increase the biosynthesis of the phospholipid proinflammatory mediator platelet activating factor (PAF) in the gut. NO may stimulate intestinal secretion via prostglandin- and cyclic GMP-dependent mechansisms while PAFproduces significant stimulation of colonic secretion and gastrointestinal motility.

  • Magnevist

  • (Other name for: gadopentetate dimeglumine)

  • Marinol

  • (Other name for: dronabinol)

  • MART-1 antigen

  • A tumor-associated melanocytic differentiation antigen. Vaccination with MART-1 antigen may stimulate a host cytotoxic T-cell response against tumor cells expressing the melanocytic differentiation antigen, resulting in tumor cell lysis.

  • MART-1:27-35 peptide vaccine

  • A natural or synthetic peptide cancer vaccine consisting of amino acid residues 27 through 35 of the melanoma-associated antigen MART-1 with potential antineoplastic activity. Vaccination with MART-1:27-35 peptide may induce cytotoxic host immune responses against melanoma cells that express this peptide.

  • Matulane

  • (Other name for: procarbazine hydrochloride)

  • matuzumab

  • A humanized monoclonal antibody with antineoplastic activity. Matuzumab binds the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with high affinity, competitively blocking natural ligand binding and blocking receptor-mediated downstream signalling, resulting in impaired tumor cell proliferation.

  • Maxidex

  • (Other name for: dexamethasone)

  • Maxipime

  • (Other name for: cefepime hydrochloride)

  • MDX-060 monoclonal antibody

  • A monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. MDX-060 is a fully humanized antibody that targets CD30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily found on activated lymphocytes. CD30 is over-expressed in various lymphoproliferative disorders, Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas, and other cancers.

  • Measurin

  • (Other name for: acetylsalicyclic acid)

  • mechlorethamine hydrochloride

  • The hydrochloride salt of a synthetic agent related to sulphur mustard with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. Nitrogen mustard (a member of a family of chemotherapy agents including cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil) is an irritant and carcinogenic agent metabolized to a highly reactive ethylene immonium derivative; the ethylene immonium derivative alkylates DNA and inhibits DNA replication. This agent also exhibits lympholytic properties.

  • Medrol

  • (Other name for: methylprednisolone)

  • medroxyprogesterone

  • A synthetic derivative of progesterone administered as an acetate salt (medroxyprogesterone acetate) with antiestrogenic activity. As a do all progestins, medroxyprogesterone binds to and activates nuclear receptors which subsequently bind to and activate target genes for transcription. As an antiestrogen, this agent may inhibit the growth-stimulating effects of estrogen on estrogen-sensitive tumor cells.

  • megestrol acetate

  • The acetate salt of a synthetic derivative of progesterone with antiestrogenic activity. Megestrol binds to and activates nuclear receptors which subsequently bind to and activate target genes for transcription. As an antiestrogen, this agent may inhibit the growth-stimulating effects of estrogen on estrogen-sensitive tumor cells. In addition, megestrol stimulates appetite in cachectic subjects.

  • melanoma helper peptide vaccine

  • A multivalent vaccine consisting of peptides derived from melanoma-associated antigens and an adjuvant peptide derived from tetanus toxoid. Vaccination with this agent may stimulate a host cytotoxic T-cell response against tumor cells expressing melanoma-associated antigens, resulting in tumor cell lysis.

  • melatonin

  • A recombinant therapeutic analog of melatonin, a natural serotonin-derived indole with antioxidant properties. Melatonin hormone synthesis occurs in the pineal gland and depends on beta-adrenergic receptor function. Melatonin is involved in numerous biological functions: circadian rhythm, sleep, stress response, aging, and immunity.

  • melphalan

  • An orally available phenylalanine derivative of nitrogen mustard with antineoplastic activity. Melphalan alkylates DNA at the N7 position of guanine and induces DNA inter-strand cross-linkages, resulting in the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis and cytotoxicity against both dividing and non-dividing tumor cells.

  • menatetrenone

  • A menaquinone compound and form of vitamin K2 with potential antineoplastic activity. Menatetrenone may act by modulating the signalling of certain tyrosine kinases, thereby affecting several transcription factors including c-myc and c-fos. This agent inhibits tumor cell growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

  • Meprolone

  • (Other name for: methylprednisolone)

  • Mercaptopurinum

  • (Other name for: mercaptopurine)

  • Mesnex

  • (Other name for: mesna)

  • Metastron

  • (Other name for: strontium chloride Sr 89)

  • methazolamide

  • A sulfonamide derivate and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Methazolamide inhibits tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), which may result in increased cell death in hypoxic tumors. As a hypoxia-inducible transmembrane glycoprotein, CAIX catalyzes the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, protons, and bicarbonate ions, helping to maintain acidification of the tumor microenvironment and enhance resistance to cytotoxic therapy in some hypoxic tumors.

  • Methazolastone

  • (Other name for: temozolomide)

  • methionine C 11

  • A synthetic amino acid radiolabeled with carbon-11. Acting as a methyl donor, methionine C 11 is incorporated into macromolecules, where it serves as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for detecting tumors with high rates of protein synthesis.

  • Methotrexate LPF

  • (Other name for: methotrexate)

  • methoxsalen

  • A naturally occurring substance isolated from the seeds of the plant Ammi majus with photoactivating properties. As a member of the family of compounds known as psoralens or furocoumarins, methoxsalen's exact mechanism of action is unknown; upon photoactivation, methoxsalen has been observed to bind covalently to and crosslink DNA.

  • methylene blue

  • A synthetic basic dye. Methylene blue stains to negatively charged cell components like nucleic acids; when administered in the lymphatic bed of a tumor during oncologic surgery, methylene blue may stain lymph nodes draining from the tumor, thereby aiding in the visual localization of tumor sentinel lymph nodes. When administered intravenously in low doses, this agent may convert methemoglobin to hemoglobin.

  • methylene dimethane sulfonate

  • A member of the homologous series of dimethane sulphonic acid esters with alkylating properties. Methylene dimethane sulfonate alkylates DNA, resulting in interstrand DNA crosslinking, inhibition of DNA replication, disruption of the cell cycle, and cell death.

  • methylnaltrexone

  • A methyl derivative of noroxymorphone with selective, opioid-receptor antagonistic activity. Methylnaltrexone displaces opioids from peripheral opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the skin, resulting in decreases in opioid-related constipation, urinary retention, and pruritis, respectively. Methylnaltrexone does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not affect the centrally-mediated analgesic effect of opioids.

  • methylphenidate hydrochloride

  • The hydrochloride salt of a synthetic central nervous system stimulant. Methylphenidate appears to activate the brain stem arousal system and cortex to produce its stimulant effect and, in some clinical settings, may improve cognitive function.

  • methylprednisolone

  • A synthetic corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Methylprednisolone binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production. This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes, induces cell differentiation, and stimulates apoptosis in sensitive tumor cell populations.

  • Meticorten

  • (Other name for: prednisone)

  • Meti-derm

  • (Other name for: prednisolone)

  • Metro I.V.

  • (Other name for: metronidazole)

  • Metrocort

  • (Other name for: methylprednisolone)

  • metronidazole

  • A synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities. Although its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, un-ionized metronidazole is readily taken up by obligate anaerobic organisms and is subsequently reduced by low-redox potential electron-transport proteins to an active, intermediate product. Reduced metronidazole causes DNA strand breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth.

  • Metypred

  • (Other name for: methylprednisolone)

  • Mevacor

  • (Other name for: lovastatin)

  • Mexate-AQ

  • (Other name for: methotrexate)

  • midazolam hydrochloride

  • The hydrochloride salt of a short-acting benzodiazepine derivative with an imidazole structure and anxiolytic, amnestic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant and sedative properties. Midazolam binds to the benzodiazepine receptor at the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride ionophore complex in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in increases in the opening of chloride channels, membrane hyperpolarization, and the inhibitory effect of GABA. This agent may also interfere with the reuptake of GABA, thereby causing accumulation of GABA in the synaptic cleft.

  • midostaurin

  • A synthetic indolocarbazole protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. As a nonspecific inhibitor of protein kinase C enzymes, midostaurin inhibits oncogenic PKC signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of the cell cycle in tumor cells, thereby initiating tumor cell apoptosis.

  • Mirena

  • (Other name for: levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system)

  • mistletoe extract

  • An extract of the whole plant Viscum album (mistletoe) with potential biological response modifier (BRM) activity. Mistletoe extract may both stimulate the antitumoral functions of the immune system and have a direct toxic effect on tumor cells.

  • mitomycin C

  • A methylazirinopyrroloindoledione antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces caespitosus and other Streptomyces bacterial species. Bioreduced mitomycin C generates oxygen radicals, alkylates DNA, and produces interstrand DNA cross-links, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. Preferentially toxic to hypoxic cells, mitomycin C also inhibits RNA and protein synthesis at high concentrations.

  • Mitosan

  • (Other name for: busulfan)

  • mitotane

  • A synthetic derivative of the insecticide dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) with anti-adrenocorticoid properties. Following its metabolism in the adrenal cortex to a reactive acyl chloride intermediate, mitotane covalently binds to adrenal proteins, specifically inhibiting adrenal cortical hormone production.

  • mitoxantrone hydrochloride

  • The hydrochloride salt of an anthracenedione antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. Mitoxantrone intercalates into and crosslinks DNA, thereby disrupting DNA and RNA replication. This agent also binds to topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA strand breaks and inhibition of DNA repair. Mitoxantrone is less cardiotoxic compared to doxorubicin.

  • MK0731

  • A synthetic small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. MK0731 selectively inhibits kinesin spindle protein (KSP), which may result in the inhibition of mitotic spindle assembly, induction of cell cycle arrest during the mitotic phase, and apoptosis in tumor cells that overexpress KSP.

  • MK0752

  • A synthetic small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. MK0752 inhibits the Notch signaling pathway, which may result in induction of growth arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells in which the Notch signaling pathway is overactivated. The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in cell-fate determination, cell survival, and cell proliferation.

  • MLN2704

  • An immunoconjugate that consists of a humanized monoclonal antibody (MLN591), directed against prostate-specific membrane antigen linked to a maytansinoid (DM1). The monoclonal antibody moiety of MLN2704 binds to tumor cells expressing prostate-specific membrane antigen; MLN274 is then internalized into the tumor cell where the DM1 maytansinoid moiety binds to tubulin and inhibits tubulin polymerization and microtubule assembly, resulting in a disruption of microtubule activity and cell division, and cell death.

  • modafinil

  • A synthetic central nervous system stimulant with wakefulness-promoting activity. Modafinil appears to inhibit dopamine reuptake, resulting in an increase in extracellular dopamine. This agent exhibits pronounced wakefulness-promoting activity (without sympathomimetic activity) and may improve cognitive function in certain clinical settings.

  • monoclonal antibody 105AD7 anti-idiotype vaccine

  • A cancer vaccine consisting of a humanized monoclonal antibody that mimics a tumor-associated antigen 791Tgp72 (also known as CD55). Vaccination with this agent may stimulate a host cytotoxic T-cell response against tumor cells expressing CD55, resulting in tumor cell lysis.

  • monoclonal antibody 11D10 anti-idiotype vaccine

  • A vaccine consisting of a monoclonal antibody (MoAB) directed against an idiotype that mimics a human milk fat globule (HMFG) membrane epitope. Vaccination with monoclonal antibody 11D10 anti-idiotype vaccine induces anti-anti-idiotype antibodies (Ab3) that may react with breast cancer cell lines expressing the HMFG membrane epitope.

  • monoclonal antibody 3F8

  • A murine monoclonal antibody directed against the cell-surface, tumor-associated antigen ganglioside GD2. Vaccination with monoclonal antibody 3F8 may stimulate a host cytotoxic immune response against tumors that express ganglioside GD2.

  • monoclonal antibody 3H1 anti-idiotype vaccine

  • A recombinant monoclonal antibody in which the heavy and light chain variable domains mimic a specific epitope of the tumor-associated protein carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). This agent is used as a cancer vaccine against tumors that express CEA.

  • monoclonal antibody anti-alpha V beta 3 integrin

  • A humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody directed against the vitronectin receptor alpha v beta 3 integrin. Humanized monoclonal antibody LM609 blocks the binding of ligands, such as vitronectin, to alpha v beta 3 integrin, resulting in inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. Alpha v beta 3 integrin is a cell adhesion and signaling receptor that is expressed on the surface of tumor vessel endothelial cells, some tumor cells, and a number of other cell types.

  • monoclonal antibody CAL

  • A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP). As a poly-hormone with diverse biological roles, PTH-rP is expressed by normal tissues, acting in local tissue environments in a variety of ways; it is commonly overexpressed by breast, prostate, and other cancers, acting systemically by promoting bone resorption, inhibiting calcium excretion from the kidney, inducing hypercalcemia, and possibly playing a role in the formation of bony metastases. By blocking the effects of PTH-rP on calcium metabolism, monoclonal antibody CAL may inhibit cancer-related hypercalcemia.

  • monoclonal antibody Ch14.18

  • A chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. Monoclonal antibody Ch14.18 binds to the ganglioside GD2 and induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against GD2-expressing tumor cells. GD2 is overexpressed in malignant melanoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, and small cell carcinoma of the lung.

  • monoclonal antibody CHIR-12.12

  • A monoclonal antibody directed against the B-cell surface antigen CD40 with potential antineoplastic activity. Monoclonal antibody CHIR-12.12 binds to and inhibits CD40, thereby inhibiting CD40 ligand-induced cell proliferation and triggering cell lysis via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in cells overexpressing CD40. CD40, an integral membrane protein found on the surface of B lymphocytes, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is highly expressed in a number of B-cell malignancies.

  • monoclonal antibody G250

  • A chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against G250, a cell surface antigen found in the majority of renal cell carcinomas. Following binding, monoclonal antibody G250 (mAb G250) may be internalized by G250 antigen-expressing renal carcinoma cells; mAb G250 may be useful as a carrier for radioisotopes and other antineoplastic therapeutic agents.

  • monoclonal antibody hA20

  • A monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen with potential antineoplastic activity. Monoclonal antibody hA20 (mAb hA20) is a fully humanized antibody that targets the CD20 antigen, a hydrophobic transmembrane protein located on normal pre-B and mature B lymphocytes. Following binding, mAb hA20 triggers a complement-dependent cell lysis and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in cells overexpressing CD20.

  • monoclonal antibody HeFi-1

  • A murine monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. Monoclonal antibody HeFi-1 binds to CD30, a cell surface antigen found on mitogen-activated B-cells and T-cells, and Reed-Sternberg cells. Monoclonal antibody HeFi-1 has been shown to arrest tumor growth and prevent metastasis in animal models.

  • monoclonal antibody Hu3S193

  • A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the Lewis Y antigen, a tumor-associated epithelial antigen, with potential antineoplastic activity. Following binding, monoclonal antibody Hu3S193 triggers an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in cells expressing Lewis Y antigen.

  • monoclonal antibody HuAFP31

  • A fully humanized monoclonal antibody directed against alpha fetoprotein with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, monoclonal antibody HuAFP31 (mAb HuAFP31) binds to and stimulates a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells that express alpha fetoprotein.

  • monoclonal antibody HuHMFG1

  • A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against MUC1, a mucin glycoprotein overexpressed in breast and other carcinomas. Monoclonal antibody HuHMFG1 stimulates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells expressing MUC1, resulting in a decrease in tumor burden.

  • monoclonal antibody HuPAM4

  • A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the pancreatic cancer antigen MUC1 with potential antineoplastic activity. Monoclonal antibody HuPAM4 (mAb HuPAM4) binds to cells expressing MUC1 antigen; mAb HuPAM4 may be useful as a carrier for radioisotopes and other antineoplastic therapeutic agents.

  • monoclonal antibody KW-2871

  • A low-fucose, human-mouse chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the ganglioside GD3, a surface antigen expressed on many malignant melanoma cells, with potential antineoplastic activity. Monoclonal antibody KW-2871 binds to GD3-positive cells, thereby initiating antibody-dependent cytotoxicity against GD3-positive cells. This agent is prepared by fusing murine immunoglobulin (Ig) light and heavy variable regions derived from the murine IgG3 antibody KM-641 to a human constant (Fc) region. The low fucose content of the oligosaccharide side chains of this antibody may enhance binding of the antibody Fc region to lymphocyte Fc receptors.

  • monoclonal antibody Me1-14 F(ab')2

  • The F(ab)2 fragment of Me1-14, a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody directed against proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate-associated protein expressed by gliomas and melanomas. By binding to proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate-associated protein, monoclonal antibody Me1-14 F(ab')2 conjugated to a radioisotope may localize gliomas and melanomas when used as a tracer in radioimaging applications; in radioimmunotherapeutic applications, this agent conjugated to a radioisotope may be used to deliver targeted radiotoxicity to these tumors.

  • monoclonal antibody Mik-beta-1

  • A murine monoclonal antibody directed against the beta subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), expressed on resting T-lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and some leukemic cell types. Monoclonal antibody Mik-beta-1 prevents the binding of IL-2 to IL-2R beta, thereby inhibiting the IL-2-mediated proliferation and activation of T-cells.

  • monoclonal antibody OKT3

  • An anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody with immunosuppressive activity. Monoclonal Antibody OKT3 binds to and blocks the function of the CD3 receptor molecule in the membrane of human T cells. In in vitro cytolytic assays, this agent blocks both the generation and function of effector T cells. Binding of monoclonal antibody OKT3 to CD3-positive T cells, results in early activation of this T cell subset, followed by cytokine release and inhibition of CD3-positive T cell functions. CD3 has been associated in vitro with the antigen recognition structure of T cells and is essential for signal transduction.

  • monoclonal antibody RAV12

  • A chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against a primate-restricted N-linked carbohydrate epitope (glycotope) expressed on various human carcinomas with potential antineoplastic activity. Following binding, monoclonal antibody RAV12 disrupts sodium channels of tumor cells expressing this glycotope, resulting in cell and organelle swelling, loss of membrane integrity, and cell death.

  • monoclonal antibody SGN-30

  • A genetically-engineered, chimeric mouse-human, anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. Monoclonal antibody SGN-30 specifically binds to the receptor CD-30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor super-family, which may be overexpressed on the surfaces of Hodgkin\'e2\'80\'99s lymphoma cells and anaplastic-large cell lymphoma cells. After binding to CD30, this agent interferes with the G1 phase of the cell cycle, thereby inducing growth arrest and apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations.

  • Morinda citrifolia

  • A plant that yields various herbal preparations, including fruit juice (noni) and extracts from the root and leaf. Noni juice has antioxidant properties, and may prevent tumorigenesis via inhibition of DNA-carcinogen adduct formation.

  • motexafin gadolinium

  • A synthetic metallotexaphyrin with radiosensitizing and chemosensitizing properties. Motexafin gadolinium accumulates in tumor cells preferentially due to their increased rates of metabolism, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellularly and lowering the tumor cell apoptotic threshold to ionizing radiation and chemotherapy.

  • motexafin lutetium

  • A pentadentate aromatic metallotexaphyrin with photosensitizing properties. Motexafin lutetium preferentially accumulates in tumor cells due to their increased rates of metabolism and absorbs light, forming an extended high energy conformational state that produces high quantum yields of singlet oxygen, resulting in local cytotoxic effects.

  • mouse gp100 plasmid DNA vaccine

  • A vaccine consisting of a plasmid DNA encoding the murine melanoma-associated antigen gp100. Upon administration, expressed gp100 antigen may stimulate a cytotoxic T cell HLA-A2.1-restricted immune response against tumor cells that express the gp100 antigen, resulting in tumor cell lysis.

  • mouse prostate-specific membrane antigen plasmid DNA vaccine

  • A vaccine consisting of a plasmid DNA encoding the murine prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Upon administration, expressed PSMA may stimulate a cytotoxic T cell response against tumor cells that express PSMA, resulting in tumor cell lysis.

  • moxifloxacin hydrochloride

  • The hydrochloride salt of a fluoroquinolone antibacterial antibiotic. Moxifloxacin binds to and inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, resulting in inhibition of DNA replication and repair and cell death in sensitive bacterial species

  • MS-275

  • A synthetic benzamide derivative. MS-275 binds to and inhibits histone deacetylase, an enzyme that regulates chromatin structure and gene transcription. MS-275 appears to exert dose-dependent effects in human leukemia cells including p21(CIP1/WAF1)-dependent growth arrest and differentiation at low drug concentrations; a marked induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS); mitochondrial damage; caspase activation; and, at higher concentrations, apoptosis. p21(CIP1/WAF1) is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases; in normal cells, its expression has been associated with cell-cycle exit and differentiation.

  • MUC-1 peptide vaccine

  • A cancer vaccine comprised of a synthetic peptide derived from the mucin 1 (MUC-1) antigen with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, MUC-1 peptide vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells positive for the MUC-1 antigen, resulting in decreased tumor growth. Overexpressed on many tumor cells, MUC-1 antigen, a mammary-type apomucin, is a high-molecular-weight transmembrane glycoprotein.

  • multi-epitope melanoma peptide vaccine

  • A peptide cancer vaccine consisting of a combination of peptides derived form several melanoma epitopes. Vaccination with multi-epitope melanoma peptide vaccine stimulates the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing the corresponding antigens, resulting in tumor cell lysis. This vaccine may stimulate a broader CTL response compared to single-antigen vaccines.

  • multivitamin

  • A dietary supplement containing all or most of the vitamins that may not be readily available in the diet. Vitamins may be classified according to their solubility either in lipids (vitamins A, D, E, K, F) or in water (vitamins C, B-complex). Present in minute amounts in various foods, vitamins are essential to maintaining normal metabolism and biochemical functions.

  • MUSE

  • (Other name for: alprostadil)

  • Mustargen

  • (Other name for: mechlorethamine hydrochloride)

  • Mutamycin

  • (Other name for: mitomycin C)

  • mutant p53 peptide pulsed dendritic cell vaccine

  • A cancer vaccine consisting of autologous dendritic cells which have been pulsed with a mutant p53 peptide. Vaccination with mutant p53 peptide pulsed dendritic cells may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing mutant p53, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Many tumor cells overexpress mutant p53 proteins, resulting in the loss of apoptosis regulation and abnormal cell proliferation.

  • mycophenolate mofetil

  • The morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (MPA) with potent immunosuppressive properties. Mycophenolate stops T-cell and B-cell proliferation through selective inhibition of the de novo pathway of purine biosynthesis. In vivo, the active metabolite, MPA, reversibly inhibits inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides. MPA displays high lymphocyte specificity and cytotoxicity due to the higher dependence of activated lymphocytes on both salvage and de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides relative to other cell types.

  • Myleran

  • (Other name for: busulfan)

  • Mylosar

  • (Other name for: azacitidine)

  • Mylotarg

  • (Other name for: gemtuzumab ozogamicin)


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Cancer Drugs


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