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Caffeine
A chemical found in many drinks and foods. The negative effects of caffeine include restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, twitching, stomach upset and intoxication.
Cardiac Disorder
A disorder of the heart. Cardiac disorders include arrhythmias, mitral valve prolapse, etc. Such conditions often need to be considered in the diagnosis of panic disorder.
Cardiovascular
Having to do with the heart and circulation of blood.
CBT
See cognitive behavior therapy
CCK
Cholecystokinin
CFS
Chronic fatigue syndrome.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
A tetrapeptide that causes symptoms of panic, especially when injected into people with panic disorder.
Chromosomal Anomalies
Inherited vulnerabilities or defects in genes.
Chromosomes
The structures within the cell nucleus that contain the genes.
Chronic
Term used to describe problems that are relatively permanent, ongoing, and stable.
Claustrophobia
Fear of enclosed spaces or being trapped.
Clinical Psychologist
Psychotherapist with a Ph.D. or Psy.D. and specialized training in psychological assessment and psychotherapy.
Clinical Psychology
Branch of science concerned with understanding and changing maladaptive behavior.
Cognition
An act, product, or process of knowing, thinking, or perceiving.
Cognitive Behavioral Perspective
A theoretical approach to understand problem behavior that focuses on how thoughts and behavior are related to each other and how thoughts can become distorted in various ways and contribute to problem behavior.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Application of the cognitive behavioral perspective. A number of specific cognitive and behavioral therapy techniques are employed to challenge and alter thoughts and behavior.
Cognitive Restructuring
A CBT technique in which false or maladaptive beliefs are systematically challenged.
Cognitive Therapy (CT)
A psychotherapy employed to treat anxiety by challenging and modification of thinking.
Combat Exhaustion
An old name for PTSD
Comorbid
Occurring together
Compulsions
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are performed over and over again in response to an obsessive thought (usually a fear) or until something feels "just right" .
Compulsive
Used to describe thoughts or behavior that are driven by anxiety.
Control Group
A group of people who are given a placebo treatment in order to establish the safety and effectiveness of a medication or treatment.
Coping Strategies
Whatever people do to cope with stress. In the long run, some coping strategies make things better and some (for example, avoidance) make things worse.
Cortisol
Hormone produced by the adrenal gland. Cortisol production increases during periods of stress. Chronically high cortisol levels are associated a variety of problems including depression and anxiety.
Counseling
Supportive guidance.
CT
Cognitive therapy.
Cyclothymia
A mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of hypomania and depression.
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