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Cancer Drugs

- O -

  • O6-benzylguanine

  • A guanine analogue with antineoplastic activity. O(6)-benzylguanine binds the DNA repair enzyme O(6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), transferring the benzyl moiety to the active-site cysteine and resulting in inhibition of AGT-mediated DNA repair. Co-administration of this agent potentiates the effects of other chemotherapeutic agents that damage DNA.

  • oblimersen

  • A phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide. Targeted to the initiation codon region of the bcl-2 mRNA, oblimersen inhibits bcl-2 mRNA translation, resulting in decreased expression of the bcl-2 protein, an apoptotic inhibitor expressed in some types of cancer and linked to tumor drug resistance. This agent may enhance the efficacy of standard cytotoxic chemotherapy.

  • OctreoTher

  • (Other name for: yttrium Y 90-DOTA-tyr3-octreotide)

  • octreotide acetate

  • The acetate salt of a synthetic long-acting cyclic octapeptide with pharmacologic properties mimicking those of the natural hormone somatostatin. Octreotide is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than somatostatin. Similar to somatostatin, this agent also suppresses the luteinizing hormone response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone, decreases splanchnic blood flow, and inhibits the release of serotonin, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), secretin, motilin, pancreatic polypeptide, and thyroid stimulating hormone.

  • ofloxacin

  • A fluoroquinolone antibacterial antibiotic. Ofloxacin binds to and inhibits bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair, resulting in cell death in sensitive bacterial species.

  • OGX-011

  • A mixed-backbone antisense oligodeoxynucleotide with chemosensitizing properties. OGX-011 inhibits testosterone-repressed prostate message-2 (TRPM-2). Administration of OGX-011 abrogates the anti-apoptotic effect of TRPM-2, thereby sensitizing cells to chemotherapy and resulting in tumor cell death. TRPM-2 is an anti-apoptotic clusterin that is overexpressed by prostate cancer cells and is associated with chemoresistance.

  • olanzapine

  • A synthetic derivative of thienobenzodiazepine with antipsychotic properties. As a selective monoaminergic antagonist, olanzapine binds with high affinity binding to the following receptors: serotonin, dopamine, muscarinic M1-5, histamine H1, and alpha1-adrenergic receptors; it binds weakly to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A, benzodiazepine, and beta-adrenergic receptors. Although its exact mechanism of action in schizophrenia is unknown, it has been proposed that olanzapine's antipsychotic activity is mediated through a combination of dopamine and serotonin type 2 antagonism.

  • oligonucleotide SPC2996

  • A synthetic antisense oligonucleotide against Bcl-2 messenger RNA with potential antitumor activity. Oligonucleotide SPC2996 binds to and inactivates Bcl-2 mRNA, thereby inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 protein, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, and potentially enhancing the efficacy of standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. Linked to tumor drug resistance, the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 is upregulated in several types of cancers.

  • omeprazole

  • A benzimidazole with selective and irreversible proton pump inhibition activity. Omeprazole forms a stable disulfide bond with the sulfhydryl group of the hydrogen-potassium (H+ - K+) ATPase found on the secretory surface of parietal cells, thereby inhibiting the final transport of hydrogen ions (via exchange with potassium ions) into the gastric lumen and suppressing gastric acid secretion. This agent exhibits no anticholinergic properties and does not antagonize histamine H2 receptors.

  • Omnitarg

  • (Other name for: pertuzumab)

  • Oncaspar

  • (Other name for: pegaspargase)

  • oncolytic adenovirus encoding GM-CSF

  • A recombinant oncolytic adenovirus encoding the immunohematopoietic cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the oncolytic adenovirus selectively infects and replicates in tumor cells, which may result in tumor cells lysis. Synergistically, GM-CSF (sargramostim) expressed by the oncolytic adenovirus may promote a cytotoxic T cell response against tumor cells harboring the oncolytic adenovirus, resulting in an immune-mediated tumor cell death.

  • Onconase

  • (Other name for: ranpirnase)

  • Oncophage

  • (Other name for: gp96 heat shock protein-peptide complex)

  • OncoVEX GM-CSF

  • (Other name for: GM-CSF-encoding oncolytic herpes simplex virus)

  • Oncovin

  • (Other name for: vincristine)

  • ondansetron

  • A carbazole derivative with antiemetic activity. As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, ondansetron competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

  • ONTAK

  • (Other name for: denileukin diftitox)

  • opioid growth factor

  • An endogenous pentapeptide with potential antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activities. Opioid growth factor (OGF) binds to and activates the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr), present on some tumor cells and vascular cells, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

  • Optison

  • (Other name for: perflutren protein-type A microspheres)

  • Oralet

  • (Other name for: fentanyl citrate)

  • Orasone

  • (Other name for: prednisone)

  • Ora-Testryl

  • (Other name for: fluoxymesterone)

  • Ora-Testryl

  • (Other name for: fluoxymesterone)

  • Orathecin

  • (Other name for: nitrocamptothecin)

  • oregovomab

  • A murine monoclonal antibody that attaches to the tumor-associated antigen CA125. Vaccination with monoclonal antibody B43.13 may stimulate a host cytotoxic immune response against tumor cells that express CA125.

  • Orestralyn

  • (Other name for: ethinyl estradiol)

  • Orthoclone

  • (Other name for: monoclonal antibody OKT3)

  • OSI-7904L

  • A liposome-encapsulated formulation of the benzoquinazoline folate analog OSI-7904 with antineoplastic activity. As a thymidylate synthase inhibitor, OSI-7904 noncompetitively binds to thymidylate synthase, resulting in inhibition of thymine nucleotide synthesis and DNA replication. Liposome encapsulation improves the efficacy and increases the half-life of OSI-7904.

  • OTI-010

  • Multipotent self-renewing adherent non-hematopoietic stromal cells harvested from a patient's bone marrow and grown in vitro. When injected back into the patient, autologous expanded mesenchymal stem cells may differentiate into various mesenchyme-derived cell types and, in some instances, may augment bone marrow engraftment after whole-body irradiation.

  • Ovaban

  • (Other name for: megestrol acetate)

  • OvaRex

  • (Other name for: oregovomab)

  • ovarian cancer peptide vaccine

  • A cancer vaccine comprised of synthetic peptides corresponding to naturally-occurring peptides derived from ovarian cancer cell antigens. Ovarian cancer peptide vaccine may elicit a cytotoxic T-cell response against tumor cells expressing the related ovarian cancer cell antigens.

  • Ovrette

  • (Other name for: norgestrel)

  • oxaliplatin

  • An organoplatinum complex in which the platinum atom is complexed with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) and with an oxalate ligand as a 'leaving group.' A 'leaving group' is an atom or a group of atoms that is displaced as a stable species taking with it the bonding electrons. After displacement of the labile oxalate ligand leaving group, active oxaliplatin derivatives, such as monoaquo and diaquo DACH platinum, alkylate macromolecules, forming both inter- and intra-strand platinum-DNA crosslinks, which result in inhibition of DNA replication and transcription and cell-cycle nonspecific cytotoxicity. The DACH side chain appears to inhibit alkylating-agent resistance.

  • oxandrolone

  • A synthetic, anabolic steroid hormone analog of testosterone. Similar to testosterone, oxandrolone binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors. This agent may be used for testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men, in HIV-wasting syndrome, and in other conditions in order to increase nitrogen retention and fat-free muscle mass.

  • Oxitriptan

  • (Other name for: 5-hydroxytryptophan)

  • Oxsoralen-Ultra

  • (Other name for: methoxsalen)

  • OxyContin

  • (Other name for: oxycodone hydrochloride)


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Cancer Drugs


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