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Cancer Classifications, Grading, and Staging systems

- T -

  • TNM staging (T = extent of primary tumor, N = absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node involvement, M = absence or presence of distant metastases) (TX, NX, MX)
    • TX, T0-T4, T1a-T1c, T4a-T4b
    • TX = primary tumor cannot be assessed, T0 = no evidence of primary tumor
    • Tis = carcinoma in situ
    • NX, N0-N3, N1a, N1b, N1bi-iv (1bi-iv refers to size of lymph node metastases)
    • MX, M0, M1
    • GX-G4 = histopathologic grade
    • LX, L0-L2 = lymphatic invasion
    • RX, R0-R2 = residual tumor
    • VX, V0-V2 = venous invasion

    Prefixes under TNM:
    • aTNM = classification first determined at autopsy
    • cTNM = clinical classification
    • (m) = multiple primary
    • pTNM = pathologic classification
    • r = recurrent tumors, when staged after disease-free interval
    • y = classification during or following multinodal therapy

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Cancer Classification


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